Freewrite in the Style of Susan Griffins Our Secret Scholarship Essay

Freewrite in the Style of Susan Griffins Our Secret - Scholarship Essay Example It reminds us of our humanity. We weep for a piece of bread at night. Let bygones be bygones, but if I have the soul of a Jew I will never again buy a German car, no matter how much I want a BMW. If I have the soul of a Jew I will never truly understand how we can look at disasters like Haiti and not be one of the people who constitute $396 M in donations to our darker brothers and sisters living on one-half of an island in the Caribbean. If I have the soul of a Jew I will never be able to look back at WWII history and not learn its lessons. The wisdom it teaches us. Freedom is a privilege, not a right. Many of us are yet still not free in this world. Tough times, repeated rhymes. Fourscore and seven years ago becomes a whimper in the background. Even though this life is full of sound and fury and signifying nothing, even though it may start with a bang and end with a whimper, still, this life is magnificent no matter how one slices it. This life is wonderful, no matter what happens, who tries to put you down, or who tries to destroy your good name. Men like myself are like torpedoes. From the inside out we distance ourselves away from others, aiming for the target, to pierce others with our consciousness. Silently we are thinking to ourselves, "And who are we to destroy" But deep within our consciousness lies the subtle fact that we owe our own destinies a shot at finding true meaning and relevance in a rickety world so poorly and yet so magnificently built. Truth was never yet found where darkness is considered king. But all of these days, we consider that man is simply a leave of grass that will be blown away with the summer wind. Nothing satiates our desires more perfectly than finding the right person with whom to share these personal pestilences, these difficulties, these mired-down missions in our petty lives. Nothing. With all of the history we refer back to, we realize that in the shadows, in the darkest recesses of our minds, nothing can compare to the hope we have when we come back and take ownership of our own destinies. Like the wind, we fly. Sincerest victory is not won by sitting idly by the sidelines. We must fight, we must struggle, we must dance to the death, our victory dance. We must realize ourselves. We must self-actualize. Dearly, we hold each other. In the light of each others' arms, we realize our true purpose in life, which is to love and be loved. "Life can only be understood backward, but it must be lived forward."2 Because I have the soul of a Jew, I realize all my mistakes must be remedied by love, kindness, compassion, caring, and understanding. I realize my love must be like an overflowing ocean or river in order to manifest love. Because I have the soul of a Jew, I recognize all human pain and suffering. I will not turn a blind eye to the homeless, the destitute, or those who have needs and problems. My mind is racing. Without love in the world, there can be no great change. Without love in the world, there can be no catharsis. Without love in the world, there can be no healing. Because I see with the eyes of the oppressed, I am more free in my own being. I have more of an ability to identify with the needs of the suffering. I see the problems. I do not ignore them. I will not turn a blind eye to suffering when I see it in my life. When I see others in pain, I will see and do something. I will take action. I will be a force for change. I will do the right thing. I will get involved. I am trying to be the best man I can be. I am trying to be the best human being I can be. With God as my witness, I take an

The one who is in the sun Essay Example for Free

The one who is in the sun Essay The manipulation of the regular repetition creates contrast and opposition, which produces emotions and makes the story appealing. The contrast also tends to unsettle the readers and make them pay more attention. The rhythm of the story is manipulated by excluding proverbs from the end of the story to prevent monotony and predictability and makes it more memorable. This interruption of the rhythm creates aesthetic tension by means of the fulfillment and defiance of the readers expectations. The repetition of the proverbs creates a pattern, but the pattern is interrupted by the omission of the proverbs. There are also other elements repeated throughout Zabi Naka. The themes of evil, poverty, death, stealing, fighting and righteousness are recurring. The repetition of these components gets vital concepts before the reader more than once and emphasizes the key ideas of this piece of writing. These themes are repeated to accentuate the meaning of the story. The repetition of both the proverbs and the themes in the story creates layers. The layering gives depth and texture to the story. Having the obvious story, then other themes and issues woven in creates the layering. The layering is an embellishment taking something and adding a dimension to it. This tends to instill a sense of wholeness in the reader. The layers of the story make it complete. I believe that interruption also makes the story extraordinary. The proverbs themselves are an interruption of the storyline. The repetition of the pattern of the story, then a proverb, then back to the story is also interrupted by the absence of the proverbs in the second part of the story when the war occurs. The rhythm of the story is interrupted by the lack of proverbs. This constant disturbance throughout the story creates a multitude of layers, making the story more whole. The combination of interruption, layering, repetition, and proverbs make Zabi Naka the incredible work of art that it is. They add meaning and emotion to the story and also make it complete. These artistic characteristics have thoroughly deepened the story and made it interesting.

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay

Comparison Of Memory Models Psychology Essay This assignment is going to compare the multi-store model Atkinson and shiffrins (1968) and levels of processing Craik and Lockhart (1972) there is evidence to support both theories and evidence against. The essay will firstly describe the multi-store model with several studies including Baddeley (1966) Peterson and Peterson (1959) and then a brief description of the levels of processing model with Craik and Tulvings(1971) and Tyler et al (1979) studies then will end with an evaluation of both models The multi-store model was the first theory of its kind, it was created to study the way memory is processed, and how we retain and store information and why some information stays with us for all our life and other information is lost. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968) believed that when we attend to information it then goes into different stores and this determines whether the information gets encoded into our long term memory or short term memory. (Grahame Hill 2001) So firstly when information goes into our sensory store (sensory store meaning anything we touch, see , smell or hear) we have a couple of seconds to attend to the information if not the information will be lost forever but if attended to then it will become encoded into our short term memory . However even when information is in our short term memory if its not rehearsed then it can still be displaced but if rehearsal has taken place then its more likely to be stored in our long term memory The Baddeley( 1966 ) study supports the multi-store model, he set out to achieve information on weather encoding in short term memory was acoustic or semantic. He gave his subjects a list of four letter words. The lists were acoustically similar and dissimilar and semantically similar and dissimilar. He then read out the words four times, immediately after the subjects was given a list containing all the words he had read out but in the wrong order their task was to rearrange the words back into the correct order this was to test the short term memory His participants that had been given acoustically similar had worst recall with only 10% of recall of words being in the correct order and the rest of the lists got a 60% to 80% recall so therefore short term memory has better acoustic encoding memories. So this study supports the multi-store that we have a short term memory store. Overall the outcome is that multi-store model is the basic explanation of memory and is very simplistic and Baddeleys theory suggest that the short term memory is more complex.( Barbara woods 2004) Peterson and Peterson (1959 ) is also another theory that supports Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) multi-store model regarding short term memory their experiment tested the duration of short term memory. They gathered a number of subjects and shown them nonsense trigrams ( ptr, rtw) they tested recall after three second intervals and then tested recall after eighteen second intervals. This was to demonstrate if the information got encoded into their sensory store or short term memory.( wwwcom) Their finding was that the subjects got a greater recall 90% on the three second interval and only 2% on the eighteen second interval. This proved that we have a poor memories when we dont have a verbal rehearsal which agrees with Atkinson and Shiffrins (1968 ) theory that you have to rehearse information for it to be encoded into our memory stores Also there is Craik and Lockharts (1968) model that suggests that rehearsal is not the only form of memory and that its more complex so they studied the depths of processing. This proved once again that the multi store model was too simplistic. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) The multi-store model explanation is basic and it only explains encoding, storage and retrieval. Its a very simplistic theory that other physiologists have elaborated on. Baddeleys ( 1966) theory supported the multi-store model that we have two separate memory stores short term and long term. The multi-store model does not explain why we can remember information in our short term memory that we have not rehearsed. Levels of processing Levels of processing was created as an alternative that challenged Atkinson and shiffrins multi-store model Craik and Lockhart (1971) argued that rehearsal alone could not explain how people stored information in their long term memory, so they set out to prove that information is more memorable when its more meaningful. Craik and Lockhart (1971) believed that it was down to how a person processed this information; the deeper it gets imbedded then more chance that it will get encoded into the long term memory and that they was three types of proceeding Organisation, Distinctiveness and elaboration. To prove this they did an experiment. (Richard gross and Geoff rolls 2003) Craik and Tulving(1971) gathered a number of subjects together and shown them a list of 5 letter nouns and then asked questions about the words. Questions was in three different styles case rhyme and sentence questions, case question; would be is the word in capitals, rhyme question; does the word hat rhyme with the word and lastly sentence question; would the word hat fit into the sentence; the .. Is down the street. The subjects could only answer yes or no to the questions. Craik and Tulving (1971) then studied the findings, review the answers that the subjects have given to find out which has the greater recall so there for a deeper level of processing (Grahame hill 2001) (Richard gross and Geoff Rolls 2003) Their findings was in favour of sentence questions which falls under semantic processing with the subjects remembering 70% of the words so semantic processing has a better recall then rhyme question which is phonemic processing with the subjects remembering 35% of the words for recall and shallow processing the least with only 15% of the words being recalled. So shallow processing takes less thinking about and as a result the information will be less likely to be stored in your long term memory. Phonemic the subjects had to think a bit more about the answer, so some of the information got in encoded and semantic was the best overall due to the fact that the subjects had to think even more so the information got encoded deeper so had the best recall. (Nicky Hayes and sue Orrel 193l) Their are other studies that have been created that have agreed and disagreed with Craik Lockhart(1971) theory that its all down to the depth of processing to which you get recall . a theory that disagreed with the theory was Tyler et al (1979) He did an experimental study which involved anagrams. two sets. One difficult example rtoodc and one easy example doctro. Now if Craik and Lockharts theory was to be proven right the subjects should have come up with the same result as its the same word so the depth of the encoding should be the same, so recall should be the same. The subjects got better recall with the harder anagram which suggests that the more time you pay and effort will get a better recall. Levels of processing takes into account the effects of processing not just rehearsal and elaborates on deeper processing, organisation, distinctiveness and elaboration. Levels of processing gives us ways to improve memory finding information that is distinct. An argument against this theory is who defines what deep processing is? Plus if semantic processing produces better recall therefore semantic processing must be deeper leading to better recall so its a circular argument. Memory is a complex system with a vast amount of other psychologists undertaking studies to try and find an insight into how we remember information. The multi-store model even thou its a very basic and simplistic it was a great first attempt at understanding memory and gave future psychologists somewhere to start from. Atkinson and Shiffrins (1978) model does not explain why some information does not need rehearsal but still gets encoded into our memory. However even when rehearsal has taken place, its not always enough to transfer the information from short term to long term memory store. Although with levels of processing the model is more descriptive and looks into the different types of processing. But the model does not explain why these different types of processing lead to better recall. Craik and Lockharts (1972) theory also assumes that semantic processing is deeper then phonemic but there is no evidence to prove this. Therefore both models have weaknesses and both have evidence that supports and backs up the models. The multi-store model is always going to be the basic theory that other psychologists elaborate on and therefore this assignment is more in favour of the multi-store model then levels of processing due to the fact that there is more evidence to support that there is different memory stores and that when we receive information it then gets encoded and if rehearsed there is a chance that the information will then be stored into our short term or long term memory store.

Healthier being a meat-eater or a vegetarian :: essays research papers

Healthier being a meat-eater or a vegetarian There are many eating habits all around the world. Most people don’t decide what they want for their eating choice until they are the age where they can decide what they want, without causing any health problems. Children are deciding at a younger age that they don’t want to eat meat. Why is that? Do they know what eating meat could do to them, or do they do it because they don’t want to harm animals? There could be many reasons why children are now avoiding meat and changing their eating habits at a much younger age. More adults are realizing this and thinking- could I be healthier from not eating meat and becoming a vegetarian?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What the American culture is used to is eating three meals with a few snacks in between a day, and two out of the three meals usually involve eating meat. Most people don’t realize the risks of eating meat. Today’s medical experts say that avoiding meat helps you avoid saturated fat. They have found out from studies that women who eat meat daily have a fifty percent greater risk of developing heart disease than vegetarian women and a sixty-eight percent greater risk in men (staff writer). People may not know about serious diseases meat can obtain such as, mad cow disease and foot-and-mouth disease. In the September 1999 issue of the Emerging Infectious Diseases, approximately 76 million food borne illnesses- resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths occur in the United States each year from improperly cooked or diseased meat (Licher). That is a lot! You can also get salmonella poisoning from meat. People think that the problems come from eating red meat and are opting for fish over steak, but new evidence proves that fish can cause health problems too, risks that can’t be cooked away. This is a growing problem called histamine poisoning (Peck). Children are learning at a younger age that they don’t like meat, maybe because they don’t like the taste, or maybe it’s because they have a fear of eating their favorite cartoon or movie hero. For example, the pig from the movie â€Å"babe†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The amount of people becoming vegetarians these days is growing. There are a few different types of vegetarians for example; the lacto-ovo vegetarian doesn’t eat any animal products except milk and eggs. Another type of vegetarian is the vegan, they exclude all animal products.

Customer Lifetime Value in Movie Business Essay

Unlike other industries, the marketing scenario in media and entertainment industry such as movie or music business are more unpredictable and unstable. In terms of movie industry, which differs from typical product category, nevertheless, provides a variety of interesting multiple-genres products serving different audience herds for entertainment. The diffusion is quite rapid and the product life shell is extremely short, even though reversioning or rerunning might take place. Correspondingly, the customer lifetime value is relatively low and difficult to estimate. The brand loyalty doesn’t make too much sense in this area whatever giant movie studios or indie films, the audience goes for a movie based on their personal preference or word-of –mouth communications (both online and offline). Thus a lot of customer churn happen in movie industry and â€Å"nobody knows anything† theory occupies, which leads to a unstable and insignificant retention rate. As a result, we cannot utilize the formulation II regarding retention rates in book to estimate CLV here. Instead, if we use the first formulation, a series of hypothetical figures are required. Based on database from NATO(National Association of Theater Owners), the average customer goes for movie 5 times a year. A movie fan maybe watch film every week. The average ticket price per year is around $7.5. However, the variable cost for ticketing and acquisition cost per cost are unknown. However, the concept of CLV still of great significance to movie industry that 1) It comes up with the concept of customer segmentation. We should treat different customers differently. For instance, to implement rewarding incentives or promotion to retain those diehard moviegoers that value much to the business. It is also an effective method to gathering audiences’ information and data. 2) Multiple marketing strategies are required to promote a single product( one movie) and maximize the profitable value. Besides, the entertainment industry should try to embrace the â€Å"free† model in the digital time, for instance, to create spin-off products related to the movies as another revenue stream.

Navy Punctuality Essays - Security, Etiquette, Game Theory

Navy Punctuality Essays - Security, Etiquette, Game Theory Navy Punctuality Navy Punctuality, It is well accepted that being on time and ready to work will make you a more productive and well respected member of any organization. The same is true in the Navy. However that is not the extent of the importance of being punctual in the military. All sailors must be accounted for. My being at the appointed place at the appointed time is critical to all levels of the chain of command. My supervisor is responsible for my whereabouts during working hours. They are responsible to the division chief/OIC respectively. If I am not where I am supposed to be when I am supposed to be there then they are not able to account for me. They then have to report me missing to the chain of command. If they then are not able to make contact with me, a search must be made. This costs valuable man-hours and unnecessary hardship on my shipmates. As a vital member of this organization, when I am not at my appointed place those around me must take on the tasks that I would be doing. By not mustering for work on time, I was placing my supervisor in a difficult situation. In addition, I am responsible for knowing where to be and when to be there. If that means calling my supervisor or the watch, the night before then that is what I need to do. Being punctual, for any member of the armed forces, is extremely important to the defense of the United States of America. Dependability, accountability, consistency and discipline are all completely related to being on time. They are also some of the key aspects of military bearing. Dependability is a value showing the reliability of a person to others because of his/her integrity, truthfulness, and trustworthiness, traits that can encourage someone to depend on him/her. Accountability is the acknowledgment and assumption of responsibility for actions, products, decisions, and policies including the administration, management and implementation within the role or employment position and surrounding the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences. Consistency is the ability to perform all tasks given in a repeatable manner showing a trend of excellence. Discipline refers to the training that one gives one's self to accomplish a certain task or to adopt a particular pattern of behavior, even though one would really rather be doing something else. For example, denying oneself of an extravagant pleasure in order to accomplish a more demanding charitable deed. Thus, self-discipline is the assertion of willpower over desires, and is usually understood to be a synonym of 'self control'. Being punctual shows that a sailor aims high and has his priorities straight while failing to be on time can hinder mission capability and readiness. This shows that a sailor cannot be depended on for even such simple tasks as being where you are supposed to be on time. Reliability is important for a Petty Officer in the Navy. Defined, reliability is the ability of a person to perform and maintain his functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected ones. As a sailor in the United States Navy, I need all of these traits. Though punctuality is just one piece of this equation, it is equally important. The very first face of military bearing is showing up on time and ready to work. It is just as important in the civilian world as it is in the military. In order to be productive and professional, you must first be at work on time.

Al Capone Gangster Essay Sample

Al Capone Gangster Essay Sample Al Capone Gangster Analysis Essay Example Al Capone Gangster Analysis Essay Example There are many famous criminals in the history. They become well-known thanks to their infamous crimes. Sometimes, their popularity grows so much that they become some sort of legendary criminals, and unfortunately, some people even idealize these criminals thinking of them as of romantic rebels who wanted to break the system. Nevertheless, things are much more prosaic, because there is usual simple explanation for peoples crimes. They commit these crimes out of desire to get personal gains or social background. An example of Al Capone, Chicago infamous gangster, can prove these theories. Crimes Al Capone was born in 1899 in New York to Italian immigrants (FBI, n.d.). His family was not rich, but children were treated well and had a normal childhood. Capone had many brothers and sisters, and some of them became involved in his gang business. His family lived in a community which consisted of Italians mostly, and children did not interact with other nationalities much. Soon after Als birth, the family moved to another apartment in a different area. There was a mix of people from different backgrounds, and Capone children could communicate not only with Italians. Al Capone went to American school which was not suitable for teaching children of the Italian background. The teachers were very strict and prejudiced toward children of Italian immigrants, and the students were often exposed to beatings by fellow students. The school may be one of the causes that led to Capones future as gangster. There, although he was a pretty good student, he would often lose his temper. Once, a teacher got angry with him and beat him. Al Capone lost his temper and beat her back. He was expelled when he was only fourteen, and he never returned to school again. Such aggression in school explains a lot about Capones development as a teenager and influences which led him to his criminal life. After being expelled from schoo,l Al Capone began communicating with people involved in gangs. There was a strong gang in Chicago in that time. Johnny Torrio was its leader. Torrio organized racketeers into a group of gangsters who were acting according to his planning. He formed a gang which had a good structure and was well-organized. Thanks to Torrio, Capone learned about basics of crime business. Nevertheless, he was still not a criminal himself. His family was doing just fine; he was living with his parents and had no intention to leave then. One can say that despite many challenges, Capone was able to avoid being dragged into the criminal life. Nevertheless, the year he turned eighteen, he became one step closer to his future of a criminal leader. He became a bartender in a cafà © of Frankie Yale, another city gangster who knew Torrio well. Once, during work, Capone saw a girl he liked. He complimented her, but her brother took the compliment as the offence. He cut his face few times; as a resul, Al Capone was left with several scars on his face which remained throughout his life. After that, he was punished by Yale. That incident taught Capone to restrain his temper and some valuable skills needed for a gang leader. He realized the cruelty of gangs and their leaders and the necessity to have a cold mind while making cruel decisions. Yales presence led Capone to committing small crimes and dragging deeper into the criminal world. It was during that time when nineteen-year-old Capone fell in love and married an Irish girl who was pregnant with his first child, Sonny. With his family, Capone tried to quit his criminal experience and got an honest job. His fathers death changed the situation. After his father died, Capone, who no longer had a fatherly figure, decided to embrace into the criminal world fully. Then he contacted Torrio one more time: It was 1921 and Capone had turned his back on respectability forever (Bardsley, n.d.). Torrio proposed Al Capone to move to Chicago where Al joined his gang. He was Torrios right hand until Torrio was badly injured and retired from criminal. Then, Al became a leader of the gang. He quickly gained control in Chicago working with many gangsters and organizing them, so they recognized him as their leader. His business was connected with illegal alcohol selling during Prohibit ion era, prostitution, organized attacks, bribery, and tax machinations. Ironically, many did not think of Capone as of a criminal, but rather as of Robin Hood thanks to his participation in many charities. In 1929, there was a Saint Valentines Day Massacre with gangsters being shot by rivals loyal to Capone, and Capone was considered the main organizer behind it (although it was never proven). In thirties, Capone was sent to jail for few times for some crimes; he spent almost five years in Alcatraz where he still managed to control his gang empire from behind the bars (Cave, 2010). Nevertheless, in prison, Capones health declined. After he was released, he could no longer lead a gang (Capone, 2012). He retired and led a calm life until his death at the age of 48. His doctor said that shortly before death, Capones consciousness was such as of a twelve-year-old boy. There are certain approaches while analyzing and interpreting Capones crimes. First, one may try to explain his crimes and violence with psychological theories. For example, a factor which led to violent crimes in the future may be the violence Capone experienced in school. He was unable to fight back, especially with teachers insulting and slapping him; the only time he tried to defend himself, he was expelled. Hence, the inability to defend himself and crooked sense of justice led to his desire for revenge. Psychoanalytic theory explains Capones behavior as a reaction to improper socialization during his childhood. The same can be seen with Capones experience in Yales cafà ©. After he was beaten and received his scars, they were always there to remind him of his shame. His close cooperation and communication with gangsters (although not direct participation) led to his ideas about justice being distorted. Cognitive development theory explains Capones crimes as the result of wrong ideas on morality and society. Capone believed that force was the main determinant of justice and that he could adjust law to his acts, not vice versa. That was the cause he regarded his crimes as something normal and did not find anything wrong about committing them. One can see that the factors which influenced Capones behavior can be easily applied to psychological theories which explain why he acted the way he did. One can also use learning theory to explain Capones behavior and crimes. His communication with gangsters showed him that they did not get punished for their crimes thanks to the ability to bribe the needed people and having scapegoats for their actions. Hence, they were very successful in their own way without being responsible for the acts they did. Capone learned that with clever approach, he could be just like that. Another factor which led to criminal occupation was the death of Capones father. The father was a figure Capone looked at with pride and admiration as a person who could lead such a big family. Nevertheless, Capone was obviously disappointed with the state of things in his family, because they were not rich enough, and he had a new family on his own. Thus, the death of an honest father who worked well and could judge his son for criminal behavior let Capone choose a criminal path since there was no one who would oppose such a decision. Capone realized that he was the one leading the family now, and as a leader, he was making decisions no one could contradict. Community in which Capone grew up also contributed greatly to his crime life. For example, it was not a very rich neighborhood where young boys from immigrants families were having a hard time finding what they wanted to do in life. They did not have many opportunities due to inability to get a good education. They could either follow their fathers steps or choose a life of criminals. Many young people were frustrated with limited choices they had, and they joined gangs. They viewed gangs as a way to free themselves. Young Capone also knew that honest life would not bring him prosperity in his community. This factor may be explained by sociological strain theory. It focuses on the gaps Capone had while planning something and opportunities he got thanks to crime. Thus, one can see that there were many factors which led Capone to his criminal experience. There were also other factors which were pushing him on his way as a criminal legend. First of all, Capone realized that in order to maintain control, he had to be violent. Hence, violent crimes were the necessity to keep his status and make other gangsters follow him as well as warn rivalry gangs. He viewed criminal life as a business which had certain rules that had to be followed. Al Capone realized that in order to be a leader, he had to make others fear and respect him, and he used the violence as a tool for that. The ability to control his emotions helped him greatly, because he viewed organized crimes and violence as the necessary business steps. Another factor to commit crimes was the benefits the crimes gave Capone. He became a rich man who had a huge influence. He was a public figure and could do almost everything he wanted. Hence, thanks to crimes, Capone was leading a life of his dreams where he was a rich leader having a great (from one point of view) life. One can apply sociological theories to explain these factors. Rational choice theory shows that Capone committed his crimes in order to get selfish gains. These gains could be not only money, but also status and respect. For example, Saint Valentines Day Massacre showed that Capote desperately wanted other gangsters to fear him. Hence, in order to spread fear among people, he showed that he would use any methods he could. Rational choice shows that people usually act depending on their self-interests, and they may commit crimes if they find them necessary and effective to achieve what they want without being punished. Capone used crimes to scare his rivals, make profits, and remain a respected and well-known leader. According to social strain theory which was mentioned above, Capone used crimes as the only tool and opportunity he had to achieve his goals. Since he was not born with necessary opportunities, and he failed to find them in the society he was living in , he turned to crime as a way to become what he wanted to be. Capones background and community he was living in contributed greatly to him committing crimes. Social disorganization theory explains these crimes as a result of the social environment. Capone grew up in a community where gangsters were more influential than police since they were the ones doing justice. People came to gangsters whenever there were problems they could not solve, and gangsters were the ones dealing with these problems. Hence, people feared gangsters, but at the same time, they respected and communicated with them viewing gangsters as societys regulators. Capone grew up in a community which provided children with poor education and little opportunities; hence, he viewed criminals as people who, in some way, lived a better life. Social disorganization theory is connected to social learning theory which shows that depending on people one communicates with; he or she learns how to act. Capones cooperation with Yale and Torrio introduced young Capone to a new life; throug h them, he learned how to commit crimes. Capones crimes can also be explained by social control theory. Previously, it was stated that Capone wanted others to fear and respect him. To put it simply, he wanted to be in control. Capone was a smart man who realized that control was everything in the society of that time. With a certain status, he could do everything to the point of influencing politicians. Hence, crimes were giving him influence, power over those who feared him, and control as a result. Labeling sociological theory can be closely connected to learning psychological theory. Capones view on justice was not as that of an average American who thought that stealing or killing was wrong, because it was influenced by gangsters who surrounded him. Conflict theory is especially important in Capones case. He was a man who had to compete with many others for things he valued. Obviously, he was not the only one who wanted to be a leader, and there were others who would gladly take his position from him. Hence, he used crimes as a tool to be the winner in a competition for leadership and power. It is also necessary to speak about Capone within historical framework of the crimes. Capone was operating in Chicago which was well-known for its organized crime. The city was filled with corrupt policemen and politicians who closed their eyes on some crimes depending on the money they were receiving from criminals (Sorel, Sorel, 1995). In Chicago, there were many powerful gangs who developed from mere stealing and established strong empires which were operating in certain business areas. For example, in Chicago, there were clans which had bars with prostitutes, sold alcohol illegally, ran gaming business, etc. Hence, the city established criminal activity as the profitable business. Capones acts were dictated by the necessity to survive in such a competitive gang city as well as defeat opponents. At that time, crimes were typical solutions for different conflicts between various gangs and police. Murdering somebody was not viewed as an act against human nature, but a mere business step. Hence, historical framework and social expectations in Chicago at that time explained why Capone was the one he decided to be. Analysis of Capones crimes showed that he was a smart man who used his intelligence for the wrong goals. His crimes interpretations showed that although society of that time was not perfect, it was Capones free choice to become a gangster. He committed crimes, because he found many reasons for that. Thus, there is no point in idealizing a man who used murder to get what he wanted.

Essay on Poetry.

Essay on Poetry. The reason for poetry in our lives cannot be explained in just a few words. Poetry makes you feel what one is explaining. It causes great emotions. In my opinion, poetry is stating words that have feeling in a more interesting and appealing way. The reason for poetry is for entertainment, thinking, and expressing yourself.First, poetry creates a sense of comforting entertainment. For example, when reading, "One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish . . . "(Dr. Sues), you feel joyful. You could've been having a bad day up until that point. Who doesn't like feeling happy? Most people do, and this is why poetry has universal appeal. Key strategies these poems use are, rhyme, onomatopoeia, and rhythm. These make a poem brighter, fun, and happier. Out of all the reasons why poetry is in our lives, entertainment is the most appealing.Next, poetry causes you to think in different ways.Edgar Allan Poe Museum (Richmond, Virginia)For example, when reading, "In Spring of youth it was my lot to ha unt of the wide world a spot . . . "(Edgar Allan Poe), you may have to reread the lines a few times to comprehend. These poems make you think outside the box. Who doesn't want to expand their mind? This also proves why poetry has a universal appeal. A strategy that these poems use is complication. The words make you think in an unfamiliar way.Lastly, poetry is used to express how one is feeling. For example, when reading, "Ah, when to the heart of man was it ever less than a treason to go with the drift of things, To yield with a grace to reason, . . . "(Robert Frost), you feel what he is feeling. Poems that express what one is feeling are interesting to read. You...

Criminal case of Florida vs Jamarco Stafford Term Paper

Criminal case of Florida vs Jamarco Stafford - Term Paper Example The case of Jamarco Stafford and James Adams reflect a phase in the lives of human beings where crime seems to have taken a major role in changing an entire scenario of a family from happiness to a shattered stage of living. The families of Jamarco Stafford and James Adams could be realized to be in such a stage after they lost their children and faced their other children spending days and nights in jail. Murder being a heinous and harsh crime has been found to encounter several laws and charges. Yet, the society seems to be unable to control human beings from taking up such dreadful measures. Particularly, in the modern times, the younger generation seems to be more violent in nature and getting involved in incidents of murders (Holinger, 1994, p.21) as in the case of Jamarco Stafford and James Adams also get presented. The story of Jamarco Stafford and James Adams presents a case where these two friends who were extremely close friends, growing up together, attending places and events together, eventually betrayed each other when both killed each other’s brothers. Adams had killed the brother of Stafford on demand of a gun. The resistances on the earlier murder created confrontations that led to a second murder of Lavoris Adams who was the brother of James, by Stafford. The incident shattered the lives of these two families and the two young kids had to spend their lives in jail. The incidents were shocking and unexpected since these two kids had grown up together and were the closest of friends (Lebovich, n.d.).... The incidents were shocking and unexpected since these two kids had grown up together and were the closest of friends (Lebovich, n.d.). In the recent years murders or killing by adolescents have rapidly increased in rate. This has eventually created difficulties for â€Å"law enforcement personnel†, as well as other people who are involved in the social or health welfare of common people, the educators, members of families and the peer groups (Heckel & Shumaker, 2001, p.xix). Particularly in cases of adolescent killings it becomes highly difficult to judge the causes behind the act. The young generations are unable to explain their thoughts, their reasons, and are confusing and unaware of the consequences of such actions. Many times they attempt such acts from utter immaturity and impatience (Heckel & Shumaker, 2001, p.xix). Criminal laws are also applicable on the adolescents who execute such heinous crimes. In fact, the number of prisoners from adolescents seems to be rising more than adult prisoners. Juvenile murderers are also treated like adults since laws have now initiated measures not to be partial in such cases, instead criminals should tried as made by the law. The adolescents who have been found to be involved in murders reflect that the number of males in the records is much higher than there are females in the same record (Worell, 2001, p.617). Criminal law and its theories are highly significant in the context of adolescent killing. It has been observed that a criminal law theory may be different from other laws thus making the criminal law theory a unique theory in its context (Moore, 2010, p.8). In most cases the causes of a crime would not be able to be explained by common people. However, several researchers have

Response 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response 2 - Assignment Example The information in the EHR applies even when there is patient transfer between different healthcare facilities. The post shows clearly that the availability of previous patient information to the health care providers may limit some danger hence improving life expectancy in the society. The article gives instances where the use of informatics in accessing healthcare records is important in providing quality services and making a decision. The use of the electronic healthcare records has become crucial in improving services to the patients. Electronic healthcare records (EHR) mainly include previous medical information of the patient to assist especially nurses in providing better healthcare through decisions and services. Achievement of these quality services is through minimal errors in making fast decisions. The article also mentions the achievements of the EHR in upholding the patients’ privacy. However, the author fails to mention the importance of EHR in the follow-up of patient actions and efficiency in minimization of labor. The follow-ups may include appointments to the doctors or recovery process. The post acknowledges the contribution of EHR in improving services in the healthcare

Reflection and Evaluation of three Technologies Essay

Reflection and Evaluation of three Technologies - Essay Example Additionally, retrieval of content from the internet relies on flash player programs such as adobe. The technology was initially applicable through Smart sketch application because the designers focused on addressing the needs of varied platforms. The flash content files were stored in shock wave format. This allowed the programmers to use Action script language in encoding the graphics in different formats. Additionally, the programmers use flash editor to enrich web content when designing the application. The content can be encoded using java script format, and the extension .swf is used in storage format. Short wave extension makes images appear smaller in the flash player. The format increases flash images capacity to store huge volumes of data (Enticknap, 2005, p.1). The storage codes allow flash images to support different applications making it the preferred technology when disseminating and storing website contents. Evaluation The use of flash technology has led to advances i n computer graphics. It has enabled website developers to design interactive websites that stream data at faster speed. The component manipulates graphics and presents them in different version. The use of XML file is dominant in image edition. According to Enticknap (2005, p.34), the template stores the contents of the website before the transformation of the image. The technology manipulates the contents when designing images that are user friendly to the audience. Flash is a suitable technology that can access images online. Software developers use the technology when designing slideshows that enhance interactions with clients online. Computer programmers use flash image technology to encode information in auto script version. This saves storage capacity and time taken to retrieve flash images. Additionally, the technology uses small bandwidth when streaming information. This makes it compatible with various technological components such as Macromedia Flash MX that carries this a pplication. The compatibility of flash image technology allows web views to obtain information from different places. However, it is necessary to obtain a plug in feature when planning to view the web contents. Flash images application demand less from the users in terms of operational skills. Moreover, the applications are affordable and exude high performances. This has lead to the preference of technology in computer applications. Flash images are instrumental when enriching internet application. The technology enhances interactivity by combining graphics technology when coming up with interactive computer programs. Lastly, the feature supports multidirectional display of website content. HTML5 Technology Overview HTML5 is an assortment of web-based applications that are still evolving. The concept of HTML5 began after developers noticed various deficiencies in HTML4 and associated XHTML. These deficiencies ranged from minor syntactic incoherence to insufficient support of media presentations (Meyer, 2010, p.83). Consequently, recent developments within the HTML5 technology have targeted such defects to develop quickest advances that would improve the performance of internet technology. Developers are standardizing the HTML5 technology into simpler and less controversial pieces. The HTML5 is a technology that organizes and presents information of the World Wide Web.

Critical awareness of approaches to current business research on a Essay

Critical awareness of approaches to current business research on a paper that looks at the effect that the alignment of business strategy and characteristics of - Essay Example The first limiter is the use of looking at the characteristics in the scope of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the second limiter comes from the examination of examples coming from Spain. Additionally, the study also proposes at the outset that the three points under examination would turn out to be complimentary (Entrialgo, 2002). The value of the study is greatly helped by the evidence given regarding the previous literature which shows that a study of this exact nature is not there in our present body of knowledge. The examples of previous studies given in the paper are quite useful since they do two things which add to the overall credibility of the article. First of all, the examination of previous research shows that there is a large body of material which deals with the relationship between the influence of individual managers and the results gained by an organization. The research done by Gupta and Govindarajan (1984), Miller, de Vries and Toulouse (1982) as well as the paper published by Sturdivant, Ginter and Sawer (1985) serve to establish this as a primary fact (Entrialgo, 2002). Additionally, other research work such as the papers published by Kerr (1982) and Child (1974) show that there are certain links which can be established between the characteristics of a manager and the strategic direction a company takes under the management of that individual. However, the article under discussion is clear on the point that in the opinion of the writer, the two areas can be combined since they are complimentary to each other and can work together as one unit for subjective analysis (Entrialgo, 2002). While the literature review taken by the author is sufficiently extensive and broad ranging it does seem to be limited to rather older information which had been published some time ago. In fact, the latest year used by the writer as a source for the references seems to be 2000.

How the situation in Ukraine affected the economy of Russia Essay

How the situation in Ukraine affected the economy of Russia - Essay Example It’s noteworthy that the essay demonstrates the short review of the main economic points of Russia, namely: exchange rates, interest rates, inflation risks and GDP, chart - CPI inflation, the economic sanctions and gives the brief conclusion of the situation. The Russia-Ukraine crisis has caused grievous economic consequences on the Russian economy, especially due to economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the Western countries. Since the beginning of the Ukraine and Russia conflict, the Ruble has been on a downward trend making it the worst performing currency globally after the annexation of Crimea. The diagram in the paper shows the Ruble has been weakening after the Ukraine Crisis began. The diagram in the paper demonstrate how interest rates have been increasing in the Russian economy after the country’s currency exchange rate started declining and inflation increased forcing the Bank of Russia to increase interest rates a move that drew similar reaction from lenders in the banking system resulting in high interest rates in the domestic market. Since the start of the Ukraine-Russia conflict, inflation rates in Russia have been accelerating in because of a weak currency that has made imports expensive hence raising the rates of inflation in the economy. The paper contains diagrams of inflation in Russia (2014) and Russian GDP. Russia was slapped with economic sanctions due to its entry into the Ukraine conflict by several Western nations such the U.S. and EU concerning trade.

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment Law - Essay Example Doing so rules out the occurrence of exclusion of employees from protection against discrimination. Sexual harassment laws have provided for healthy relationships between men and women workers in their workplaces, and have further enhanced personal and organizational dignity by outlining the basis of interaction of workers in and out of their workplaces (Collins, 2010). Advances made in sexual harassment laws have made it possible for men and women counterparts to interact formally and observe the set limits of relations. This does not imply that mentorship activities between women and senior management mentors have been curtailed. Civil rights gains can result in unintended costs, but the underlying overall benefits cannot be disputed. Civil rights law enhances organizational coherence and subsequently improves workforce efficiency. Civil rights law safeguards the interests of both the employees and the

Critical awareness of approaches to current business research on a Essay

Critical awareness of approaches to current business research on a paper that looks at the effect that the alignment of business strategy and characteristics of - Essay Example The first limiter is the use of looking at the characteristics in the scope of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the second limiter comes from the examination of examples coming from Spain. Additionally, the study also proposes at the outset that the three points under examination would turn out to be complimentary (Entrialgo, 2002). The value of the study is greatly helped by the evidence given regarding the previous literature which shows that a study of this exact nature is not there in our present body of knowledge. The examples of previous studies given in the paper are quite useful since they do two things which add to the overall credibility of the article. First of all, the examination of previous research shows that there is a large body of material which deals with the relationship between the influence of individual managers and the results gained by an organization. The research done by Gupta and Govindarajan (1984), Miller, de Vries and Toulouse (1982) as well as the paper published by Sturdivant, Ginter and Sawer (1985) serve to establish this as a primary fact (Entrialgo, 2002). Additionally, other research work such as the papers published by Kerr (1982) and Child (1974) show that there are certain links which can be established between the characteristics of a manager and the strategic direction a company takes under the management of that individual. However, the article under discussion is clear on the point that in the opinion of the writer, the two areas can be combined since they are complimentary to each other and can work together as one unit for subjective analysis (Entrialgo, 2002). While the literature review taken by the author is sufficiently extensive and broad ranging it does seem to be limited to rather older information which had been published some time ago. In fact, the latest year used by the writer as a source for the references seems to be 2000.

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employment Law - Essay Example Doing so rules out the occurrence of exclusion of employees from protection against discrimination. Sexual harassment laws have provided for healthy relationships between men and women workers in their workplaces, and have further enhanced personal and organizational dignity by outlining the basis of interaction of workers in and out of their workplaces (Collins, 2010). Advances made in sexual harassment laws have made it possible for men and women counterparts to interact formally and observe the set limits of relations. This does not imply that mentorship activities between women and senior management mentors have been curtailed. Civil rights gains can result in unintended costs, but the underlying overall benefits cannot be disputed. Civil rights law enhances organizational coherence and subsequently improves workforce efficiency. Civil rights law safeguards the interests of both the employees and the

Student teacher ratio Essay Example for Free

Student teacher ratio Essay Introduction Policy makers nationwide, in the field of education, are concerned about the educational system, particularly with regards to the overall success of educational programs. Considerable research has suggested that, compared to their Asian and European counterparts, American students, especially at the secondary level, do not perform as well (Ehrenberg, Brewer, Gamoran Willms, 2001). Given the evidence in support of this observation, policy makers have set out to examine the weaknesses in the system so that improvements can be made in deficient areas. One of the issues that have continued to figure at the forefront of debates is the matter of the student-teacher ratio. Researchers are concerned about the potential effects it may have on student performance and achievement (Borland, Howsen Trawick, 2005, p. 73). Gursky in 1998 indicated that adjusting class size was probably the most â€Å"popular educational initiative across the country (p. 16). At that time school districts across the nation were seeking to implement mandated policies on the required size of classes. President Clinton, in that same year, demonstrated his commitment to improving educational programs when he proposed in his State of the Union address that $12 billion be invested over a seven year period into programs geared at reducing the class size in the lower grades. This, he suggested, would be accomplished through the hiring of about 100, 000 additional teachers (Gursky, 1998). President Clinton’s position reflects that held by some analysts in education who believe that increasing and improving inputs into the educational system is a useful way of impacting student performance. Inputs, on the part of administrators or government, are usually classified in terms of finances or resources. Adjusting the student-teacher ratio or government spending on education, for example, are some of the means by which policy makers have tackled the issue of student achievement (Lamdin, 1995). This is based on the hypothesis that student achievement, as measured by their performance on standardized instruments, is dependent on and determined by the resources invested into the educational institutions, the student-teacher ratio being one of the most important and noted investments (Graddy Stevens, 2005). Student achievement in these contexts is usually measured solely or primarily on the basis of performance on standardized test instruments. However student performance on tests is not the only way of determining achievement. Dustmann, Rajah van Soest (2003) examine achievement in a broader context. They consider that the decision to pursue further education after completing high school could be considered an aspect of student achievement. Therefore school continuation after completing high school could also be a measure of learning. This is, as the literature demonstrates, that individuals who pursue higher education and thereby obtain higher qualifications earn significantly more than individuals simply completing high school (Colorado Association, n. d. ). According to statistics reported by the U. S. Census Bureau in 2004 persons who drop out of high school earn, on average, $19, 169 annually, those graduating high school earn $28, 645, college graduates earn $51, 554 and those with advanced degrees earn $78, 093 (as cited in Colorado Association, n. d. ). Considerations on student achievement should therefore not be restricted to scores on standardized instruments but should take into other factors which demonstrate, in the long run, that the educational system has been of benefit to the student. It is therefore not strange that policy makers wish to improve student performance. The option of reducing class sizes is probably, indeed, one of the most popular governmental initiatives geared at impacting student performance. By reducing class sizes the government is able to increase the resources available to individual schools and districts (Dustmann et al. , 2003, p. F99). Thus, the rationale for reducing class size, according to researchers, is that it is a tool for school improvement. Governments have tended to adopt this strategy because, according to Dustmann (2003), these programs are visible to voters and comparatively easy to implement and not necessarily based on research which demonstrates that this strategy is indeed effective in improving student performance. Though much research has gone into the issue it is still debated whether or not the student-teacher ratio shares a direct relationship with student performance. Not only in the United States but also in the United Kingdom the supporting arguments from either side are equally as weighty (Graddy Stevens, 2005) and it is still disputed whether or not reducing class sizes has a noticeable effect on student achievement (Dustmann et al. , 2003, p. F99). The merits of smaller classes There are many arguments put forward that a smaller class size is more beneficial. Among the arguments some propose that smaller classes are better in terms of discipline (Gursky, 1998). Having fewer students in the classroom means that there will be less noise and also a less disruptive behavior (Ehrenberg, Brewer, Gamoran Willms, 2001). Another argument put forward for smaller class sizes is that the teacher has greater opportunities to provide individualized instruction for the students in the classroom (Gursky, 1998). In this way teachers can provided needed assistance to struggling students as there is less demand on his/her time due to the lower number of pupils. Teachers are in a better position to familiarize themselves with all the students in the class in order to develop a greater understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, challenges, learning styles etcetera, and make the necessary accommodations to ensure each child is successful in the regular classroom. Instructional variety has been one of those topics that have been heavily debated, especially given that more and more culturally diverse students are entering the classroom. With the new mandates under the No Child Left Behind policy all students are expected to perform to the same level at the end of the year, regardless of learning, cognitive or other difficulties. In a smaller classroom the teacher is able to manipulate stimulus material to gain the interest of the cross section of pupils, adopt varied teaching strategies, provide for greater in-class interaction of pupils and overall free up time for the teacher to complete activities in the classroom that are often constrained because of time and class size (Ehrenberg, 2001). The benefits of smaller classrooms thus illuminated seem overwhelming. However, considering that research has not been conducted to justify these claims they are really superfluous (Ehrenberg et al. , 2001). Until a consensus has been made on the place of smaller class sizes in the educational system, it is hasty to matter-of-factly say that these benefits are automatic with smaller classes and reduced student-teacher ratios.

Overview Of Foreign Direct Investment In China Economics Essay

Overview Of Foreign Direct Investment In China Economics Essay Over the last decades, for the Chinese growth the FDI has been an important engine. Even though, across the Chinese region there is a big diversity in FDI patterns. For example, the 80 percent of total FDI distributed in the five special economic zones. While the collective five provinces accounts for only 10 percent in the North-West. Furthermore, there are different regions attract different type of FDI. For example the market seeking FDI are increasingly attracted by urban growth centre, on the other hand other regions are the industrial unit of the world. Undoubtedly, an internal discrepancy in economic growth is explained by the foreign direct investment throughout the regions. The economy of china is ten times larger than it was in 1978 and growing at the rate of 10 percent per year. The results of which there are two important dimension of this growth, one is rising of income gap and emergence of large middle class. The gaps between the coastal areas and the inland that have i ncreased in the reform period of the last few decades. The coastal areas have done extremely well because of the growing importance of  foreign trade; most foreign trade involves production and workers along a narrow strip along the coast, particularly Pearl River Delta  and the Yangtze Delta, the area from Shanghai up the Yangtze River and a little bit in the northeast. Normally these areas are the  major participant in international trade, through a big demand for labour, and incomes in these areas have gone up speedily. The most important, even in the urban sector is the rising gap among skilled and unskilled workers. In addition during the Maoist era, there was a strict wage structure. The diversity between highly paid and relatively low-paid workers was humble. But during the development period, this wages configuration has become marketized, and for the people with skills, whether managerial or engineering, the price has been tender up dramatically. For the unskilled lab our the entry-level wage, has been remain relatively flat. From the beginning of the reform period Chinas dissimilarity was significantly less than most countries for example compare to India or the East and Southeast Asian countries. But nowadays its degree of income dissimilarity is approximately the same as that in India and certain Latin American countries which are famous for a high degree of income inequality. 2.2 FDI policies in China One of the most important key elements of Chinas economic reform process has been the support of foreign direct investment. From the late 1970s, for foreign businesses china has progressively opened its economy and in this way attracted large amount of direct foreign investment. Mean while, the policies of china toward FDI as well experienced a variety of changes on their policy priorities. While in late 1970s and early 1980s, government policies are categorized by surroundings new rules to permit joint ventures using foreign capital and setting up Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Open Cities. During the second conference of the Fifth National Peoples Congress in July 1979, The Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Joint-Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment was adopted, yielding foreign investment a official status in China. The State Council also awarded privileges of autonomy in foreign deal to Guangdong and Fujian Provinces and in 1980 set up four unique Economic Zones (SEZs) in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, and Xiamen. In December 1982, the assessment to open up China to the world economy was officially incorporated in the 1982 state foundation adopted by the Sixth National Peoples Congress. In the late 1983, policy for the carrying out the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Joint Ventures using Chinese and Foreign Investment was formulated in 1983 to promote relax domestic market and to simplify the business environment for foreign joint ventures. Since 1984, China has also motivated to additional open up the country to FDI. In 1984, the idea of SEZs was comprehensive to an additional fourteen coastal cities and Hainan Island (became a province and the fifth, the largest SEZ in 1988). Twelve of the fourteen cities were chosen Technology Promotion Zones in 1985 to speed up transmit of technology. In 1985, growth triangles the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta in Guangdong, and the Min Nan region in Fujian, Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, and the Bohai Sea Coastal Region were as well opened to foreign investors. In 1990, the Pudong District of Shanghai was nominated as a new advance zone to lead improvement alongside Yangtze River. In 1986, more encouraging policy and provisions are used to promote FDI inflow, particularly export-oriented joint ventures and joint ventures using highly developed technologies. On October 11, 1986, the State Council promulgated the requirements of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China for the support of Foreign Investment. These so-called 22 Article requirements provided foreign joint ventures with favoured tax treatment, the liberty to import inputs such as materials and equipment, the right to retain and swap foreign exchange with each other, and simpler licensing actions. Extra tax profit was open to export-oriented joint ventures and those employing sophisticated technology. The government also attempted to guarantee additional the independence of joint ventures from external interfering interference, to remove many unreasonable local costs, and to provide another tradition for joint ventures to balance foreign exchange. Restricted admittance was provided to suppl ies of water, electricity and transportation (paying the same price as state-owned enterprises) and to interest-free RMB loans. The significance of the 1986 requirements is that it provided incentives for FDI intead of simply permitting it, and this more happy approach was furthered by the approval on April 12, 1986 of the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Enterprises Operated Exclusively with Foreign Capital at the fourth Session of the Sixth National Peoples Congress. This clearly linked the enterprise of completely foreign-owned enterprises to the development of Chinas national economy, and requisite such enterprises either to be exported-oriented or to use sophisticated technology and equipment. The more moderate approach was furthered by the April 1990 Amendments to the 1979 Joint Venture Law. These amendments officially recognized non-Chinese to act as Chairman of the Board of Directors, authorized extensions to the terms of function of joint ventures, and isolated the upper limit to the percentage of the registered funds (minimum not less than 25%) contributed by the foreign partner. Chinas practical policies toward FDI resulted in rising inflow of foreign capital in the late 1980s and especially in early 1990s. From the mid 1990s, although maintaining constructive environment for foreign businesses, government policies began to focus extra on linking FDI encouragement to domestic industrial objectives. In April 1994, the State Council outlines new proposals to draw FDI into the agriculture, hydropower, communications, energy and raw material sectors through encouraging tax policies and discriminatory financial support. In November 3, 1994, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the Ministry for Foreign deal and financial collaboration issued a Circular on Issues relating to reinforcement the Examination and authorization of Foreign-funded Enterprises. This tightened the measures concerning the approval of contracts and the registration of foreign enterprises, and improved the penalties if agreements were not fulfilled. The temporary Guidelines for Foreign Investment Projects took cause on June 27, 1995. Main concern was given to foreign direct investment in the agriculture, energy, transportation, telecommunications, basic raw materials, and high-technology industries, and FDI projects which could take benefit of the rich natural resources and moderately low labour costs in the central and northwest regions were to be strongly encouraged. The Guidelines fixed that the Guiding Catalogue of Foreign Investment Projects was to supply the source for the examination and approval of FDI projects, which were to be classified to one of four categories: encouraged, Restricted, Prohibited, and Permitted. Incorporated in the encouraged projects were those in infrastructure or underdeveloped agriculture; those with new/advanced technology which could upgrade product function, save energy and raw materials, develop economic efficiency, or manufacture under-supplied new equipment/materials to persuade market demand; those which were export-oriented; those which involved new technology/equipment which made use of natural/regenerative resources and prevented/controlled pollution and so on. Some projects were classified as confidential such as those whose technologies had been developed or transferred, and those where construction exceeded domestic requirement; and those under testing by the State, and those occupied in the investigation of rare and valuable mineral resources. The third type is the so-called forbidden projects. These are projects that jeopardized national security or damage the public interest; spoilt the environment, natural resources or human health; those which used subs tantial amounts of arable land or were unfavourable to the protection and improvement of land resources, or endangered the security and implementation of military services; and so on. Projects that are not in any of the above groups are known as permitted. Inward FDI: From the time when it launched the economic reforms and called for foreign investment membership in its economy in 1979, China has received a large part of worldwide direct venture flows. China has become the second biggest FDI beneficiary in the world, after the United States, and the leading host country along with developing countries. Chinas situation as a host to FDI is in fact moreover far separated from any other developing country and generally developed countries to be equalled. In support of twenty years (1979-1999), authentic FDI inflows addicted to China from 1979 to 1999 amounted to US$306 billion, which is comparable to 10 percent of universal direct investment and regarding 30 percent of the venture quantity for every developing country locate collectively. The Chinese FDI trends can be illustrated depends on changes in policy guidelines first phase is from 1979-83, second phase is from 1984-91, and third phase is from 1992-99. First phase: In this phase Chinese government recognized four singular Economic Zones (SEZs) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, and presented particular encouragement policies for FDI in these SEZs. Whereas FDI inflows addicted to China were very much intense in these SEZs, the quantity was fairly restricted. The overall inflows of realised FDI throughout these 5 years amounted to only US$1.8 bn, which is averaging a US$360 million per annum. Second phase: While 1984, when Hainan Island and fourteen coastal cities crosswise ten provinces were opened, in the past recorded reserved FDI levels started to take off. Whole FDI inflows amounted to US$10.3 in the 1984-88 periods; by means of yearly standard of US two billion. The expansion tariff of FDI inflows into China goes down at insufficient 6.2 percent intensity in 1989. Although FDI started to continue its development path in 1991, the yearly expansion rate for this whole stage was lowered to 11.0 per cent, which paled in association to 38.1 percent throughout 1984 to 1988. Third phase: this phase started in the mechanism of 1992, while Deng Xiaoping circuited Chinas southern coastal areas and SEZs. After his trip, this intended principally to drive Chinas generally economic development method forward and to underline Chinas assurance to the open door policy and market-oriented financial transformation, proved to be a accomplishment in garnering the buoyancy of foreign investors in China. China adopted innovative approach, which turned missing from extraordinary regimes toward additional nation-wide operation of open policies for foreign direct investment. The grades were significant: while 1992 the inflows of FDI addicted to China have accelerated and reached the height stage of US$45463 million in 1998. In 1999, chiefly because of the collision of the Asian financial crisis and the grow of achievement transactions in mutually OECD and non-OECD countries, FDI inflows addicted to China dropped to US$40 398 million. The information on FDI outflows vary. In accordance with Chinas BOP data, the collective total during 1990 to 1997 was US$18.9 billion, consisting entirely of equity capital. From the 1980s, China has been quick acquiring resources from abroad. Researchers approximate that the total Chinese FDI in Hong Kong was US$20-30 billion by the end of 1993 or 1994. Actually the net capital of Chinese affiliates overseas can be calculated in hundreds of billion dollars. Legitimately, the Chinese SOEs had as many as 5,666 affiliates overseas at the end of 1998 by means of a collective FDI of US$6 billion. Source countries As the size of FDI source countries in China is moderately huge, a handful countries account intended for the sums invested. As a single investor Hong Kong comes first and the recently industrialised economies have been the chief investors as a group. Four ASEAN countries (Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia) have significantly increased their existence in China from the early 1990s. Along with the developed countries, Japan and the United States have been the main investors in China. The other urbanized countries have made moderately small amounts of venture in China, although they have exposed an growing interest in China in current years. The target of outward FDI is Hong Kong which is the chief objective of Chinese external FDI. Comprehensive and consistent data are not available for an prolonged investigation of this matter. 2.3.4 The geographical and Sectoral distribution of FDI in china The geographical distribution: The patterns of FDI in China illustrate a vast inequality between regions. During the period from 1983 to 1998, FDI in the eastern section took up 87.8 percent whereas the middle section attracted 8.9 per cent and the western section attracted only approximately 3 percent. This disproportion stems from the FDI policies taken by the Chinese rights. The open door has started with the establishment of exceptional economic zones (SEZs) and there is a special regimes for fourteen coastal cities. This has resulted in disturbing absorption of FDI in the east. By means of the approval of new broadly-based economic reforms and especially in the 1990s open door policies for FDI, FDI inflows into China have taking place to spread to other provinces. Amongst the eastern section provinces, the performance of Guangdongs in attracting FDI has been exceptionally remarkable. The share of accumulated FDI of the national total stock was 29.4 percent from 1983 to 1998, hig her than all other provinces with Jiangsu and Fujian, each of which possessed roughly 10 percent of the nationalized total, and ranked 2nd and 3rd among Chinas 30 provinces. On the other hand, if we examine this province group one stage more, we discover that the shares of every region have progressively changed. In the 1990s the share of Guangdong has dropped from 46.13 percent in the 1980s to 27.98 percent. But contrast to this, the other coastal provinces shares, such as Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Shandong, and Hubei, have increased gradually. The share of the middle provinces in the national sum accumulated FDI stocks has augmented steadily from 5.3 percent throughout the 1980s to 9.2 percent throughout the 1990s. The most important contributors are Henan, Hubei, and Hunan regions, and their shares of accumulated FDI in the nationalized sum twice from the 1980s to the 1990s. These data recommend that the provincial allocation of FDI inflows has spread fairly since the o pened coastal provinces into the central provinces. The very small amount of FDI inflows are received by western less developed provinces. Their share in the national accumulated FDI stocks has been declining from 4.7 percent in the 1980s to 3.2 per cent in the 1990s. On the other hand, Sichuan and Shaanxi fascinated reasonably more FDI inflows than the other provinces in this group. In final analysis, FDI inflows in the 1990s have diffused from the originally concentrated southern coastal region towards the south-eastern and eastern coastal region in addition to central region. The three regional groups of the eastern, central and western regions experienced altered patterns in FDI inflows. FDI inflows have been increased steadily for the eastern region provinces with a surprisingly high growth rate, mainly from 1992 to 1998. But the other two regional groups, the inflows of FDI have been much less, particularly for the western area provinces. The result of which, the gap among the eastern section and the central and western sections in terms of the complete extent of yearly FDI inflows has essentially broadened since 1992. Examiner has shown that the provinces with larger GDP, high per capita income, higher intensity of accumulated FDI stock, more rigorous transport infrastructure and top level of telecommunications have paying attention fairly more FDI inflows , whereas upper labour costs have truly deterred FDI inflows. The prospect of central and western sections in provisions of FDI will be more promising as the improvement of infrastructure and additional honesty of the market attracts more FDI into these areas. Their relative returns lie in plentiful natural assets, additional opening up and development of the market. If the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), several of which are in the central and western regions, are open to overseas investors, a huge deal of FDI could flow into these section. The market-oriented FDI aims to set up ventures to supply goods and services to the local market. This kind of FDI may be undertaken to exploit new markets. Apart from the traditional reason for circumventing tariff barriers, the market size, prospects for market growth, and the degree of development of host countries are very important location factors for market-oriented FDI. The general implication is that host countries with larger market size, faster economic growth and higher degree of economic development will provide more and better opportunities for these industries to exploit their ownership advantages and, therefore, will attract more market-oriented FDI. Even for export-oriented FDI, the market size of host countries is important because larger economies can provide larger economies of scale and spill-over effects. Over the past decades or more, the scale of Chinas economic reconstruction has been expanding increasingly, with the purchasing power of the people strengtheni ng rapidly and markets becoming increasingly brisk. Although Chinas per capita GDP is still very low, its rapid economic growth and continuously increased purchasing power has made China attractive to market oriented FDI, such as in the fields of basic chemicals, drinks, household electrical appliances, automobiles, electronics, and pharmaceutical industries. The economic growth rate in China has slowed down from 1996 because of the modification of overall growth at the beginning of the 90s. In current years, the economic growth rate still remains at about 7 per cent. Taking such important factors into account, the level of economic development, the potential for technology development and the effect of reorganization, it is quite possible for China to keep economic growth at a rate of 6 to 7 per cent in the coming 10 years. If this is the case, China will stay on a fast growing huge market for overseas and domestic investors. However there is existence of a downside factor like the quick increase in the production capability and the slow growth of per capita income and consumption has resulted in periodical dispersion in China. The occurrence of supply beyond demand exists in the majority industries but in China it has been harsh in certain sectors or activities. Natural, Sectoral and geographical distribution of FDI in China Sectoral Distribution: so far the key percentage of FDI is drawn for the manufacturing field, which takes up approximately 60 percent of the total contracted FDI by 1998. Next follows real estate with the share of 24.4 %. The segment of the allocation industry together with transport, wholesale and retailing is 6.0 %. Construction comes after that with 3.1 %. The major industry such as agriculture, forestry and fishing takes 1.8 %. Soon, service trade, such as finances, wholesale, telecommunications and resale business, will take up a larger share on account of Chinese agreement to WTO and additional liberalisation. Additional deal liberalisation should also take place in conventional industries. Particularly, the extension of FDI in agriculture will rely on the level of opening up to the market flow of agricultural products and the industrialised process of production operations. human resource endowments cost and productivity of labour One of the most important factors to attract FDI in China is the advantage in competitive production factors labour force, land and natural resources. The degree of development of host countries is often considered one of the most important determinants of FDI flows because it is positively related to domestic entrepreneurship, education level, and local infrastructure. With the worlds largest population, China has rich resources of labour, with average salaries of workers remaining at a relatively low level. China has paid great attention to the education of its people such as nine-year universal compulsory education. Therefore, Chinese labourers are of relatively high quality and there are comparatively numerous technical personnel. Some fields, however, are in short supply skilled managers, engineers and technicians. It is often argued that the labour cost in determining FDI flows should be the efficiency wage rate, which is adjusted in line with productivity rather than the absolute wage, especially if FDI is export-orie nted. In terms of the efficiency wage rate, China still has good advantages as confirmed by empirical research. China is as well extremely rich in energy reserve. Chinese production of oil, its predominant fuel, is among the highest in the world (Saudi Arabia being the main producer) in spite of the fact that China imports it owing to high consumption. China is the largest producer of coal, roughly one third of the worlds total production and its coal industry has been troubled by a serious oversupply problem. As with coal, Chinas electric power supply is also experiencing an oversupply problem. Other major natural resources such as land, iron and other minerals are economically available. With the globalisation of the world economy and the liberalisation of international trade and the giant strides in technological innovation, the advantage of a cheap labour force has become less important for foreign investors. Chinas disadvantages in terms of technology gaps and lack of labour qu alification in some areas will also take some time to improve. Physical, financial and technological infrastructure It can be supposed that the ease of use of physical infrastructure affects the decision of selecting the investment place. The additional highways, railways and interior transport waterways are adjusted in accordance with the size of host province, the more FDI inflows. An additional important variable is the level of telecommunication services. Advanced levels of telecommunications services will save time and reduce the costs of communication and information gathering, as a result facilitating business activities. Research confirms the supposition supported by other experimental studies that the provinces with more developed infrastructure are likely to be successful in attracting FDI. The same conclusion can be made for the technological infrastructure. In latest years, pressed by the market competition, the improvement speed of Chinas industrial structure has been accelerated. Mainly, the progress of high-tech has been greatly speeded up. At present, China and its provinces have e laborated a variety of five-year plans and the development of high-tech industry has been a top main concern. The current level of the technology of China and its provinces functions in order to attract FDI and induce the technology transfer. Openness to international trade and access to international markets China has adopted the so-called export promotion development strategy which was confirmed to be a outstanding success in the Asian NIEs. Mutually with export promotion policy, China has implemented economic reforms and open door policies and made efforts to encourage trade by concluding several joint trade arrangements and adopted independent actions. There has been considerable progress in reducing tariff barriers in the 1990s, the average tariff rate on imports declined from 42.9 per cent in 1992 to 23.6 per cent in 1996 and to 17.0 percent in 1997. China has also formulated and implemented a series of preferential policies to encourage international trade. Duty exemptions for intermediate products used in the production of exports have been particularly important in boosting Chinas foreign trade. However, there remain several barriers to free trade including administrative enforcement and non-tariff measures. The local content requirement and the export proportion requirement may inversely act to promote FDI. The import substitution policy may function to promote FDI in the short term but further competition, which can be created from the increase in import, may positively act to promote new additive investment in current investors for introducing high-technology production. Also, Chinese further acceptance of multilateral investment arrangement is necessary to promote FDI into China. For example, China still does not allow wholly foreign-owned companies to trade in many areas even though it has started to liberalise it. Chinas admission into the WTO will be favourable to the settlement of the problems. In provisions of ease of access to international markets, China has also some merit. Export-oriented FDI aims to use particular and specific resources at a lower real cost in foreign countries and then to export the output produced to the home country or to third countries. Even though the most important location factors for export-oriented FDI are resource e ndowments, research found that China has a relatively attractive and strategic geographic position in that its territory is huge and offers access to other Asian countries and the Americas. Development of the regulatory framework and economic policy coherence Regulatory structure China has endeavoured to launch a more transparent legal framework and business environment. It has been reorganization its legal system concerning FDI. China has amended a series of laws, regulations and provisions such as Equity Joint-venture Law and Contract Law just to name but a few. Also China has been relaxing some restraints and liberalising further on the area of restricted investment while it still keeps great emphasis on FDI in the encouraged fields and regions. Furthermore, since the mid-nineties, China has launched a programme to restructure and reduce the State-owned sector. It has made known that foreign participation would be welcome in the restructuring process, which will bring advanced managerial skill and enhance internal efficiency and international competitiveness. Given the need to reform Chinese SOEs, but bearing in mind the weaknesses of the domestic capital markets and the lack of managerial capacity, the Chinese policy to allow FDI in the areas of SOEs seems to be on the right track. It remains to be seen, though, how authentic participation of foreign investors will be allowed. Besides, as soaring unemployment seems inevitable in the process of the restructuring of SOEs, constructing a social security net is likely to be very onerous. Even after taking into account all recent Chinese measures, significant work still lies ahead to further improve the legal system for the market economy. The existing legal basis, legislation procedure and operating mechanism have not yet fully shifted to the needs of market economy. Various types of FDI recipients should come out in front. Privately owned enterprises have arriving inadequate share of FDI. Further efforts are expected to bring FDI inflows into these enterprises in line with the efforts of SOEs to further co-operate with potential foreign investors. Employment figures show that foreign direct investments in enterprises in villages and small towns have been considera ble. Chinese efforts to comply with the international standards in its preparation for accession to the WTO will certainly expedite the reform policy. Economic policy coherence China is most likely to maintain its economic growth policy. In the year 2000, China is expected to record 7.3 to 8.5 per cent subsequent to 7.1 per cent growth rate in 1999. According to the Chinese governments tenth Five-Year plan (2001-2005), Chinese economic growth will be kept above 7 per cent and Chinas GDP will be around US$1 300 billion in 2003 and US$1 500 billion in 2005.

The Island of Dr. Moreau :: essays research papers

The Island of Dr Moreau, by H.G. Wells, is not an ordinary science fiction novel. It doesn't deal with aliens or anything from outer space, but with biological science that exists on earth. The novel was about a character, Edmund Prendick that gets involved with an island of experimentation. At first glance, this tropical paradise seems idyllic. But deep in the jungles lies a terrifying secret. Moreau and Montgomery have been performing scientific research on human beings and the experiment goes terribly wrong. They have ignored the most fundamental law of the jungle: survival of the fittest. The doctor is seeking to make animals half human by means of vivisectional surgery; the transplantation of organs, and the pain involved is very vividly described. Doctor Moreau succeeds in making some of his man-animals talk and even read, but they tend to revert to the beast. So Moreau continues to try to get the entire animal out, and make a creature of his own. His creatures, which continue to come to their demise, then kill Moreau and finally all die off. When the H.M.S. Scorpion visits the island, there is nothing alive there except for a few "white moths, some hogs and rabbits and some rather peculiar rats." The theme of this novel is that science experiments can go too far, because the creatures made from the experimentation go against their creators. These creatures, known as Beast Men, were combinations of animals, like a wolf combined with a human being, and these scientists spent their entire life devoted to these "experiments." However, at one point in the novel, a conflict arises from the creatures and chaos begins. When the conflict finally comes to a halt, there is only one true human standing. H.G. Wells was born on September 21, 1866 in Bromley, Kent a suburb of London. His father, Joseph Wells, and his mother, Sarah, were married in 1853 and they had four children. An elder sister, Fanny, died at the age of 9 two years before H.G. was born. After he was born, his family was worried that he may also die like his sister Fanny, being that he was sort of a â€Å"weakling† and struggled to be healthy most of his life. Wells was apprenticed like his brothers to a draper, spending the years between 1880 and 1883 in Windsor and Southsea as a drapeist. In 1883 Wells became a teacher/pupil at Midhurst Grammar School.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS :: essays research papers

Anabolic steroids are drugs containing, or hormone-like substances, that are used to increase strength and promote muscle growth. They were first developed in the 1930s in Europe to treat undernourished patients and to promote healing after surgery. Competitive weightlifters began using steroids in the 1950s as a way to increase their athletic performance. Use gradually spread throughout the world among athletes in other has been estimated that at least one in 15 male high school seniors in the United States--more than a half-million boys--has used steroids. Some are athletes attempting to increase their strength and size; others are simply youths attempting to speed up their growth to keep pace with their peers. In some countries, anabolic steroids are available over the counter. In the United States, a doctor's prescription is necessary. While the effects of steroids can seem desirable at first, there are serious side effects. Excessive use can cause a harmful imbalance in the body's normal hormonal balance and body chemistry. Heart attacks, water retention leading to high blood pressure and stroke, and liver and kidney tumors all are possible. Young people may develop and a halting of bone growth. Males may experience shrinking testicles, falling sperm counts, and enlarged prostates. Women frequently show signs of masculinity and may be at higher risk for certain types of and the possibility of birth defects in their children. The psychological effects of steroid use are also alarming: drastic mood swings, inability to sleep, and feelings of hostility. Steroids may also be psychologically addictive. Once started, users, particularly athletes, enjoy the physical "benefits" of increased size, strength, and endurance so much that they are reluctant to stop even when told about the risks. Major athletic compet itions, including the Olympics, routinely screen athletes to prevent steroid use.

A Hugo Boss Essay

The print advertisement that I chose for this paper, is a Hugo Boss advertisement for the sale of its men’s perfume line particularly the men’s gift set. Hugo Boss is a company that was started in Metzingen Germany and was founded by Hugo Ferdinand Boss after whom the brand was named. Hugo Boss is known for specializing in high-end menswear apparel, and has expanded like most other brands to include shoes, accessories and fragrances. I chose this particular print advertisement because after viewing several other print advertisements, this one attracted my attention the most. I was drawn to it because it was colorful and had many images that not only caught my eye, but also seemed to be very dynamic and at the same time able to catch my attention. When you first look at the advertisement, the images seem to jump from the page; at first, it actually looks like a messy piece of artwork or a picture that someone doodled on while they were bored. But when you take a closer look at the advertisement and dissect its different components, the underlying message that it gives to its viewers is actually very interesting and quite alluring. The advertisement is composed of three main images, a young man, standing with his finger to his lips, a Hugo boss perfume bottle with images coming out from the lip of the bottle and at the bottom of the advertisement an image of a sample Hugo Boss Men’s Gift Set. Aside from the images, there are printed words, one is a stamped text of â€Å"HUGO† the perfumes brand and the other is the tagline, which says,   â€Å"it’s just a fragrance. The rest is up to you.† I think that this particular print advertisement appeals to a young market. You have only to look at the images used and the words uttered to see that this is geared towards a younger age group. This particular advertisement targets both men and women ages twenty five to thirty five years old, who are young and excited because they are either just beginning their lives or beginning to rise up in their respective endeavors. I say this because of the composition of the print advertisement. First of all, the man used for the advertisement is a man who looks like he is in his mid to late twenties. Admittedly, when advertisers portray their products they get models that will most appeal to the age group they are targeting and usually they get their models from that precise group. The appearance of the man in the advertisement evokes a feeling of casualness that makes you think of fresh graduates, young, hot and out to get the world. This assessment is based not only on the male image model but the images that can be found beside him, which is the Hugo Boss perfume bottle that seems to be overflowing with other images. The images that are coming out of the bottle make me think of the circus coming into town. I am not sure why that particular image popped into my head, but I suppose it is because as a child, the circus represented a child’s dreams in life and this particular advertisement seems to sell that very image to the public. The bottle spewing these images reminds me of the time when the circus would come into town and as the main tent would unfold you would suddenly see a swarm of animals, animal trainers and performers going about. These animals, animal trainers and performers at first seem to have no direction, but as the unfolding of the main tent continues you begin to realize that they all have a purpose and they are not just randomly moving about. This is what seems to be happening with the Boss advertisement. Upon first glance, the image seems not to make any sense but if you take the time to look at it, the images coming out of the bottle are actually images that correspond to the different aspects of a person’s life. Among the images that can be seen are buildings, people, apartments, and a vinyl record among others. These images as I earlier mentioned correspond to the different parts of a person’s life. How is this you might ask? The answer is actually very simple. If you take a look at all of the images that are placed in the advertisement, you see that the buildings could correspond to the business aspect of a person’s life, their careers or work, while the throngs of people could be interpreted as those people that they interact with every day at work, or out on the streets or even while on a gimmick or night out with friends. In addition to these images, what strengthens my belief that this advertisement was made to target a young group is the tagline that the advertisers used. It’s simple, witty and straight to the point, â€Å"it’s just a perfume. The rest is up to you.† I love that the company used this tagline because it makes you think that anything is within your reach. I feel like the advertisement is telling me that all you need is Hugo Boss, a spray of this is like putting one foot in the door and the rest to quote the advertisement â€Å"is up to you.† The purpose of the advertisers in using this particular tagline in my opinion is to give that ego boost that men and women generally need in order to keep moving forward. We all should be honest enough to admit that we do not want change if we are not sure that we are headed in the right direction. Very few people are actually willing to take uncalculated risks when it comes to their future. This advertisement makes you feel that if you use the product advertised, all the confidence that you need in order to do the things that you want to do will magically appear. It makes you feel that one whiff of this and things will go your way. Your work life will improve because your presence seems to be more pleasing, and this may give you that opportunity to make that sales pitch that you need, or get on the good side of your boss who you have been dying to corner in order to give your ideas on the latest project that you are working on. What is so great about this advertisement is that in spite of the fact that it is actually geared more towards men, the advertisers have found a way of drawing in the women as well. If you think about it, although men are obviously being targeted, not all men will purchase this scent for themselves. This advertisement and its packaging is also perfect for the woman in a man’s life. This advertisement is like candy to a baby. Although women generally know what to give their man, this particular advertisement is something that will attract women who have given the men in their lives practically everything.