What Is Hydrogenation Chemistry Definition

Hydrogenation is a reduction reaction which results in an addition of hydrogen (usually as H2). If an organic compound is hydrogenated, it becomes more saturated with hydrogen atoms. The process typically requires the use of a catalyst, since hydrogenation only occurs spontaneously at high temperatures. The most common catalysts are nickel, platinum, or palladium. Hydrogenation reduces the number of double and triple bonds in hydrocarbons, while dehydrogenation removes hydrogen atoms and increases the number of double and triple bonds. Key Takeaways: Hydrogenation Definition Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds hydrogen to a molecule.Hydrogenation is not thermodynamically favorable at ordinary temperatures, so a catalyst is needed. Usually this catalyst is a metal.Examples of hydrogenated products include margarine, mineral turpentine, and aniline. Hydrogenation Uses Hydrogenation has many applications, but most people are familiar with the reaction as the one used to make liquid oils into semi-solid and solid fats. There may be some health concerns associated with hydrogenation of unsaturated dietary fats to produce saturated fats and trans fats. Sources Berkessel, Albrecht; Schubert, Thomas J. S.; Mà ¼ller, Thomas N. (2002). Hydrogenation without a Transition-Metal Catalyst:  On the Mechanism of the Base-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (29): 8693–8. doi:10.1021/ja016152rHudlickà ½, MiloÃ… ¡ (1996). Reductions in Organic Chemistry. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-8412-3344-7.Jang, E.S.; Jung, M.Y.; Min, D.B. (2005). Hydrogenation for Low Trans and High Conjugated Fatty Acids. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.Kummerow, Fred August; Kummerow, Jean M. (2008). Cholesterol Wont Kill You, But Trans Fat Could. Trafford. ISBN 978-1-4251-3808-0.Rylander, Paul N. (2005). Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_487

Beliefs, Morals, and Values - 1053 Words

When I think of beliefs, they define who people are individually as person by the choices we live by daily by believing in or not believing in something. Why do we believe what we believe? These beliefs are etched in our minds in childhood by the motivation family, church, and other organizations that can essentially be changed through the course of our lifetime by our own thoughts and interpretations. Values are the taking of those beliefs we hold true inside, by exhibiting traits in how we conduct ourselves personally and professionally. It is of greater concern of what is the most important to you whether it is honesty, good will, trust, and so forth to contribute to achieving goals, leading others and tweak those values that are more†¦show more content†¦Since no one person is truly perfect, it does boils down to choices and reactions to a variety of situations. This would lead me to introduce Sigmund Freud who happens to be the most debatable theorists that set a foundation of the human mind and how the personality can be split into several sections to a better understanding of the motivation of behavior and essentially lead to more study and discovery by initiating new ideas and other theories. Beliefs, values, and morals are incorporated and established in early childhood and adversely affects how they function in adult hood by conscious and unconscious thoughts and actions. I found a journal that analyzes Freud’s theories and in parental rearing Muris states from a referenced source that there are two important dimensions in parenting behaviors, â€Å"The first dimension is parental care and has two opposite poles: an accepting and warm rearing style on one side and a rejecting and cold rearing attitude on the other side. The second dimension is concerned with parental control and actually opposes an autonomy-promoting and an overprotective rearing style to each other (Rappe, 1997). This supports the idea that Freud’s studies of behavior are learned by the upbringing of children and can address the idea that the choices an individual makes are from the premises of those experiences in childhood that carry with them throughout their lifetime. References: Locke, John. (1996). In Philosophy ofShow MoreRelatedBeliefs, Morals and Values Application Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pages#Beliefs, Morals and Values, # Beliefs, Morals and Values Application According to Webster’s II New College Dictionary a belief is the mental act, condition, or habit of placing trust or confidence in a person or thing and mental acceptance of or conviction in the truth or actuality of something (1995). A belief consists of anything believed by conviction or faith; a belief can be something accepted as true (Weber, 2002). Beliefs are convictions; trust or confidence placed in a person orRead MoreEthics : The Inner Guiding Moral Principles, Values, And Beliefs790 Words   |  4 PagesEthics are defined as â€Å"the inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave† . In other words, ethics represent the way people should act. When a person behaves ethnically, they follow rules of conduct that respects the rights of a particular group or individual, distinguishing between right and wrong. In regards to business, ethics has a say in the decisions managers make since these decisionRead MoreAustralia Is A Country With Cultural And Ethnic Diversity Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesin this country have right to express and share their individual culture, religious belief and values. In this diverse environment, there are several of reasons why nurses can refuse to participate in procedures, which are against as well as unacceptable in their own religious, moral, ethical beliefs and value as a health care professional. However, there should be a fine line between those religious, moral belief and the individual’s personal convenience and preference. This essay will discuss onRead MoreCultural Relativism Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesMoral principles being determined by each culture can be described as co nventional ethical relativism. Every culture is entitled to have their own moral laws, beliefs and values, and these will differ from culture to culture. What is moral in one culture could be considered immoral in another, which is something that we must accept. With subjectivism, every individual is given the ability to determine their own morals, which often lead to chaotic consequences. Ethnocentric, involves elevating otherRead MoreThe Error Theory : Are Perceived Moral Truths Just Social Standards?1553 Words   |  7 PagesPerceived Moral Truths Just Social Standards? The question of the validity of moral truths, whether subjective or objective, has existed for centuries: did humanity generate the idea of moral truths or simply discover it? It is certainly comforting, if not convenient, to live in a society that believes in a system of absolute moral principles. Particularly when this moral system provides the basis for the creation of laws and standards that offer members of the society a sense of security. Moral nihilistsRead MoreCultural Relativism And Morals And Codes883 Words   |  4 Pagescultures have different moral codes and values, therefore culture is subjective and arbitrary. When given a closer look at cultural relativism we come to the conclusion that it is not as plausible as it first appears and that certain moral values are needed in creating a sustainable and thriving society (57).In This paper I will begin with a short analyst briefly stating the beliefs of a cultural relativist, explaining their values and examining their vie ws on cultural morals and codes. Then movingRead MoreThe Dangers Of The Moral Relativism Concept1322 Words   |  6 PagesDangers of the Moral Relativism Concept By Gregory Baker | Submitted On January 20, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Gregory Baker Ethical subjectivism and cultural moral relativism areRead MoreAyer s Philosophical View : Emotivism Vs. Subjectivism1026 Words   |  5 Pagesis the idea that ethics are reduced to the psychological state of the individual. Thus it is the act of reporting one’s own thoughts on a subject without expressing ones feelings like Emotivism. This means that moral claims in Subjectivism allow for truth and falsity as well as moral belief and knowledge. The difference between Emotivism and Subjectivism is that in Subjectivism each person is stating their own personal feelings in regards to a situation; therefore there is nothing to argueRead MoreCriticism Of Cultural Relativism1216 Words   |  5 PagesCultural relativism is the theory where there is no objective truth in morality, and moral truths are determined by different cultures. The primary argument used to justify cultural relativism is the cultural differences argument, which claims different cultures have different moral practices and beliefs, therefore, there is no objective truth in morality (Newton). After reading James Rachels The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, I find his criticisms to be persuasive because the argument made forRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Moral Values1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe claim that moral values cannot be derived from facts is grounded in the idea that facts are descriptive and informative, whereas value propositions are prescripti ve and imply that we ought to carry out certain action or act in a particular way. In essence, while facts give us information about the world itself, values tell us how we should act. It is accepted that facts are cognitive and are therefore know to be true or false. However, non-cognitivists support the idea that moral truths cannot

Lowell Textile Mills and Mill Girls Free Essays

Lowell was among the largest city in America in mid-1800s. It was well known for its accomplishments most notably the establishment of power loom and the combination of the cotton cloth manufacture process in one single mill. Additionally, the technological innovation from Europe was first implemented in Lowell mills in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Lowell Textile Mills and Mill Girls or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other technological and infrastructure developments that contributed to Lowell city industrialization were Lowell canal, steam locomotive, Lowell and Boston railroad and waterpower. By 1828, Lowell was thriving as a hub of industrialization. At this time women were surged at Lowell mills seeking employment. Over eighty five percent of Lowell textile factory workforce was girls aged 15 to 25 years. These were the young, unmarried, and women who were considered to be superfluous in farm labour. Most of these girl were farm girls from the outskirts of Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont. The mill girls signed a contract of one year which upon completion they were relieved to get married or join other working field such as teaching. As far as many girls were concerned, the working experience as mill girls, though tough, was a taste of self-reliance and freedom from home. Some of the girls often used part of their wages to pay for their brothers’ school fees and others could save a portion of their earning for their marriages and houses. It was really a big deal for young girls to work away from their homes and earn cash wages. Apart from wages, factory recruiters assured parents that their girls would enjoy other privileges such as education, access to libraries, food, accommodation at company owned boarding houses as well as they would enforce high morals uprightness to their daughters. This ensured that the policy of hiring young girls did not face opposition from the society that was conservative and perceived women as nothing more than domestic workers. The work in the mills was toilsome. The girls had to endure working in the power looms which were poorly aired, dusty, very hot and smoky for 70 hours a week. The working hours was between 5 am and 7 pm with meals break in between. Time between 7 pm and 10 pm was used for communal supper, writing, attending classes, shopping and washing. After 10 pm a curfew was imposed by house mothers. Mill girls also faced a challenge of living in an unsanitary congested boarding houses. This fuelled spread of hygiene and communicable diseases such as cholera, dysentery, tuberculosis which claimed lot of lives. Despite the harsh working condition and stringent rules in Lowell mills, the overall handling of girls in the factories was fair compared to other fields. The cash wages paid to the mill girls enabled them to showcase their social and economic independence. The wages offered by Lowell was the highest in America for women. This was contrary to the long hours of unpaid labour in rural areas which the girls were accustomed to. Lowell cotton goods label painted a well groomed young lady in her loom. This was first in American history for a woman to represent excellence and elegance of a product. Apart from wages, the mill girls also benefited from superior education and self-development. How to cite Lowell Textile Mills and Mill Girls, Papers

Definition and Success free essay sample

This is generally what people in westernizes countries define success as. But if you were to ask a child in a farming town in China what he/she would define success as. The answer would be, to make it through life with enough food and survive. This Is what the definition of success use to be everywhere before there was so many amenities In life. The definition has changed drastically, and has evolved with the economy. Thriving with what you have at your disposal is what everyone does but some have much less than others and vise versa.This Is one definition that has stuck with word wrought time; but is interpreted in many different ways. The other definition of success that sticks out Is that success means being able to live comfortably and without any worries. A very close family friend has said this many times Being a successful dentist has Its perks, I dont have to worry about anything besides my practice and It Is a very comfortable lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition and Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This gave me a new perspective on what the definition of success was at a young age. He unwittingly taught me that success Is making life as comfortable and as worry free as possible.To do this one would think they need copious amounts of money to do this but that Is wrong. Many people try to live outside of their means to make them look Like they are successful but doing this they are actually doing more harm to their success than helping It. One does not need to make a six figure salary to have success. What one need Is the right mind set, which Is not to live outside of your means and everything you are not doing to better yourself Is harming your success In the long run. For example one does not need to take a loan out on a car, spend what you already have. Inning this will Instill upon you to not spend outside of what you have. Success, there are countless definitions for the word. The two that stand out are both subjective definitions, and they are completely different. Thriving with what you have at your disposal, and to be able to live comfortably and worry free. The definition of success changes with the economy and the living standards of the world. At the end success Is what you make It. Definition and Success By sveltely answer would be, to make it through life with enough food and survive.This is what he definition of success use to be everywhere before there was so many amenities in much less than others and vise versa. This is one definition that has stuck with word The other definition of success that sticks out is that success means being able to many times Being a successful dentist has its perks, I dont have to worry about anything besides my practice and it is a very comfortable lifestyle. This gave me a taught me that success is making life as comfortable and as worry free as possible. To do this one would think they need copious amounts of money to do this but that is ring.Many people try to live outside of their means to make them look like they are helping it. One does not need to make a six figure salary to have success. What one need is the right mind set, which is not to live outside of your means and everything you are not doing to better yourself is harming your success in the long run. For doing this will instill upon you to not spend outside of what you have. Definition of success changes with the economy and the living standards of the world. At the end success is what you make it.